KPV

Effects documented in the literature

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH (residues 11-13). Unlike full-length α-MSH, it has no significant affinity for melanocortin receptors and acts mainly intracellularly. Studies (PMID 18789754, PMC2241650) describe inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by interaction with the p65/p50 subunits, leading to reduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. In vitro, KPV decreases neutrophil chemotaxis and IκB phosphorylation. Direct antimicrobial effects and modulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier (tight junction reinforcement) have also been documented. No hormonal effect has been reported. These data come from the scientific literature and are provided strictly for informational purposes in a research context. This product is not intended for veterinary, diagnostic or therapeutic use and is not recommended for any use outside a scientific, professional and research setting. [1][2][3]