RUO, marketing authorization, unlicensed practice of pharmacy: what the French regulatory framework actually says about research peptides, and where retatrutide stands.
An endogenous copper-peptide complex capable of modulating the expression of several thousand genes in vitro: an overview of the literature devoted to GHK-Cu.
MC1R selectivity versus non-selective MC1R/MC3R/MC4R activation: an editorial comparison of two analogs of the melanotropic hormone studied in research.
GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV combined in a single protocol: why the literature studies these four mechanisms as complementary rather than redundant.
An acylated, stabilized analog of human amylin, cagrilintide is studied for its non-selective activation of AMY receptors and its half-life compatible with weekly protocols.
A triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon agonist still in phase 3 clinical trials: editorial synthesis of what the published pharmacological literature documents on retatrutide.
Angiogenesis, cell migration, rodent models: what the published preclinical literature documents on BPC-157 and TB-500 — two peptides frequently studied together.
Less well known than its cousin GHK-Cu, AHK-Cu is studied for its action on the hair follicle and the extracellular matrix: an overview of the research literature.
Protected against DPP-IV degradation, this GHRH analog has been the subject of published clinical trials on visceral adipose tissue: a review of the literature.
An obligatory substrate for sirtuins and PARPs, NAD+ declines with age: a review of the research literature on this central coenzyme of energy metabolism.
Derived from Melanotan II but designed to reduce the pigmentary effect, PT-141 illustrates the logic of receptor selectivity in melanocortin pharmacology.
Encoded not by the nucleus but by mitochondrial DNA itself, MOTS-c illustrates a recent discovery in metabolic biology: the mitochondrion as a source of signaling peptides.
Concentration, solvent volume, graduated syringe units: the methodology behind the dilution calculation for reconstituting a lyophilized peptide, without dosage recommendations.